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  2. Inductive effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_effect

    The effect of the sigma electron displacement towards the more electronegative atom by which one end becomes positively charged and the other end negatively charged is known as the inductive effect. The - I effect is a permanent effect & generally represented by an arrow on the bond.

  3. Nitrogen dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide

    The lone electron in NO 2 also means that this compound is a free radical, so the formula for nitrogen dioxide is often written as • NO 2. The reddish-brown color is a consequence of preferential absorption of light in the blue region of the spectrum (400–500 nm), although the absorption extends throughout the visible (at shorter ...

  4. Mesomeric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesomeric_effect

    The mesomeric effect as a result of p-orbital overlap (resonance) has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the inductive effect has purely to do with the electronegativity of the atoms and their topology in the molecule (which atoms are connected to which). Specifically the inductive effect is the tendency for the substituents to ...

  5. Electron-withdrawing group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-withdrawing_group

    Electron-withdrawing groups exert an "inductive" or "electron-pulling" effect on covalent bonds. The strength of the electron-withdrawing group is inversely proportional to the pKa of the carboxylic acid. [2] The inductive effect is cumulative: trichloroacetic acid is 1000x stronger than chloroacetic acid.

  6. Electrophilic aromatic directing groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    In general, the resonance effect of elements in the third period and beyond is relatively weak. This is mainly because of the relatively poor orbital overlap of the substituent's 3p (or higher) orbital with the 2p orbital of the carbon. Due to a stronger resonance effect and inductive effect than the heavier halogens, fluorine is anomalous.

  7. 30 Cheap, Beautiful Places To Retire With Just $250K in Savings

    www.aol.com/finance/30-cheap-beautiful-places...

    The cities were sorted to show the longest time you can survive in retirement on $250,000. All data was collected on and is up to date as of Nov. 18, 2024. More From GOBankingRates.

  8. Why the stock market crushed expectations in 2024 - AOL

    www.aol.com/why-stock-market-crushed...

    The stunning rally in US stocks this year caught Wall Street's top forecasters off guard, with most analysts far less upbeat heading into 2024.

  9. Hammett equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammett_equation

    This effect is depicted in scheme 3, where, in a para substituted arene 1a, one resonance structure 1b is a quinoid with positive charge on the X substituent, releasing electrons and thus destabilizing the Y substituent. This destabilizing effect is not possible when X has a meta orientation. Scheme 3. Hammett Inductive Mesomeric Effects