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Crystal structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 perovskites (X=I, Br and/or Cl). The methylammonium cation (CH 3 NH 3 +) is surrounded by PbX 6 octahedra. [13]The name "perovskite solar cell" is derived from the ABX 3 crystal structure of the absorber materials, referred to as perovskite structure, where A and B are cations and X is an anion.
A paper titled "Ageing effects of perovskite solar cells under different environmental factors and electrical load conditions" published in 2018 in the journal [2] corresponded to a paper previously published in the journal Nature Energy as "Systematic investigation of the impact of operation conditions on the degradation behaviour of perovskite solar cells". [3]
The main obstacle to viable tin perovskite solar cells is the instability of tin's oxidation state Sn 2+, which is easily oxidized to the stabler Sn 4+. [10] In solar cell research, this process is called self-doping, [11] because the Sn 4+ acts as a p-dopant and reduces solar cell efficiency.
Synthetic perovskites are possible materials for high-efficiency photovoltaics [37] [38] – they showed a conversion efficiency of up to 26.3% [38] [39] [40] and can be manufactured using the same thin-film manufacturing techniques as that used for thin film silicon solar cells. [41]
Solar-cell efficiency is the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system , in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system.
A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. [1] It is a form of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current , voltage , or resistance ) vary when it is exposed to light.
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