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Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is an exclusively clonal, [ 2 ] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot , fungal infection of nail, jock itch , and ringworm worldwide. [ 3 ]
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia .
Athlete's foot is most commonly caused by the molds known as Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, [22] but may also be caused by Epidermophyton floccosum. [23] [24] Most cases of athlete's foot in the general population are caused by T. rubrum; however, the majority of athlete's foot cases in athletes are caused by T. mentagrophytes. [13]
The fungus was first isolated in 1870 from a tinea cruris patient in Germany by Carl Otto Harz, who named it Acrothecium floccosum. [10] Being unaware of Harz's work, Castellani and Sabouraud identified the species again in 1905 and 1907, respectively, and both placed the fungus into the genus Epidermophyton. [11]
The hair perforation test, also known as an in vitro hair perforation test, is a laboratory test used to help distinguish the isolates of dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes and its variants. [1] The test is performed by placing an organism into a Petri dish containing water, yeast extract, and hair. After incubation for 4 week ...
Bottom view of a Sabouraud agar plate with a colony of Trichophyton rubrum var. rodhaini CHROMAgar (a chromogenic agar ) with its distinctive presentation of some major fungal pathogens. Fungi ( ascomycetes ) growing in axenic cultures , each of which is a culture of one selected organism and is free of all other organisms, enabling study of ...
Superficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus.This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH test, [6] wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae, septate or yeast cells viewable.
Distal subungual onychomycosis is the most common form of tinea unguium [2] and is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum, which invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail plate. White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate.