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Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. [1] [2] It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis.
Idiopathic osteosclerosis, also known as enostosis or dense bone island, is a condition which may be found around the roots of a tooth, usually a premolar or molar. [2] It is usually painless and found during routine radiographs as an amorphous radiopaque (light) area around a tooth.
Condensing osteitis, also known as focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, is a rare periapical inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of sclerotic bone near the roots of premolars and molars. This condition arises as a response to dental infections, such as periapical pulp inflammation or low-intensity trauma.
The Stafne defect (also termed Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity, Stafne bone cavity, Stafne bone cyst (misnomer), lingual mandibular salivary gland depression, lingual mandibular cortical defect, latent bone cyst, or static bone cyst) is a depression of the mandible, most commonly located on the lingual surface (the side nearest the tongue).
Examples of the most common tissues examined by means of a biopsy include oral and sinus mucosa, bone, soft tissue, skin and lymph nodes. [6] Types of biopsies typically used for diagnosing oral and maxillofacial pathology are: Excisional biopsy: A small lesion is totally excised. This method is preferred if the lesions are approximately 1 cm ...
Bone lesions can be sclerotic, lytic with sclerotic rims, or a mixture of the two with a soup-bubble look. About half of the patients have a single bone lesion, whereas the other half have several lesions. The most prevalent locations for bone lesions are the pelvis, spine, ribs, and proximal extremities. [5]
The radiographic features of periapical inflammatory lesions vary depending on the time course of the lesion. Because very early lesions may not show any radiographic changes, diagnosis of these lesions relies solely on the clinical symptoms. More chronic lesions may show lytic (radiolucent) or sclerotic (radiopaque) changes, or both.
Micrograph of an osteoid osteoma showing the characteristic anastomosing bony trabeculae and osteoblastic rimming. H&E stain.. On histological examination, osteoid osteoma consists of a small (< 1.5–2 cm), yellowish-to-red nidus of osteoid and woven bone with interconnected trabeculae, and a background and rim of highly vascularized, fibrous connective tissue.