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Blau (1964), [6] and Emerson (1976) [7] were the key theorists who developed the original theories of social exchange. Social exchange theory approaches bargaining power from a sociological perspective, suggesting that power dynamics in negotiations are influenced by the value of the resources each party brings to the exchange (a cost-benefit analysis), as well as the level of dependency ...
Resources can be classified both as tangible and intangible: Tangible: Financial (cash, securities) Physical (Location, plant, machinery) Intangible: Technology (patents, copyrights) Human resources (tacit knowledge) Reputation (Brands) Culture; Several tools have been developed one can use in order to analyze the resources and capabilities of ...
In the context of international tax law, article 5(1) of the OECD Model Tax Treaty requires to date a permanent establishment to consist of a tangible place of business. This is problematic concerning the taxation of the Digital Economy. In the context of trade, "tangibles" are physical goods (as opposed to "intangible" services and software).
Intangibility refers to the lack of palpable or tactile property making it difficult to assess service quality. [1] [2] [3] According to Zeithaml et al. (1985, p. 33), “Because services are performances, rather than objects, they cannot be seen, felt, tasted, or touched in the same manner in which goods can be sensed.” [4] As a result, intangibility has historically been seen as the most ...
Buyers propensity to substitute – how willing the consumer is to use a substitute. Can incorporate both intangible and tangible factors such as brand loyalty and contractual agreements; Perceived level of product differentiation - how unique the product or service is; Ease of substitution; Availability of close substitutes [10]
Negotiation is a strategic discussion that resolves an issue in a way that both parties find acceptable. Individuals should make separate, interactive decisions; and negotiation analysis considers how groups of reasonably bright individuals should and could make joint, collaborative decisions. These theories are interleaved and should be ...
Intangible support can either be social or emotional and can be love, friendship and appreciation that comes with valuable relationships. Tangible support are physical gifts given to someone such as land, gifts, money, transportation, food, and completing chores. Instrumental support are services given to someone in a relationship.
In the paper, which was titled "a business is a value delivery system", the authors define value proposition as "a clear, simple statement of the benefits, both tangible and intangible, that the company will provide, along with the approximate price it will charge each customer segment for those benefits".