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Southern or annual wild rice (Z. aquatica), also an annual, grows in the Saint Lawrence River, the state of Florida, [5] and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. [6] [7] Texas wild rice is a perennial plant found only in a small area along the San Marcos River in central Texas. One species is native to Asia:
Zizania latifolia, known as Manchurian wild rice [5] (Chinese: 菰; pinyin: gū), is the only member of the wild rice genus Zizania native to Asia. It is used as a food plant. Both the stem and grain are edible. Gathered in the wild, Manchurian wild rice was an important grain in ancient China.
Zizania texana is a rare species of grass known by the common name Texas wild rice. It is endemic to Texas, where it is found only on the upper San Marcos River in Hays County. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Wild rice grows naturally in water all over the country, from Connecticut to Texas, though it is most abundant in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest. In fact, it's the official grain of Minnesota!
The grass is not grown for its grain, as are other wild rice species, but for the stems, which swell into juicy galls when infected with the smut. The galled stems are harvested as a vegetable called gau-soon and kal-peh-soon [ 5 ] ( Pe̍h-ōe-jī : kha-pe̍h-sún ; [ 6 ] also, gau sun and kah peh sung ) [ 2 ] and jiaobai in China . [ 7 ]
Records show wild rice was common around the turn of the 20th century, but poor water quality caused die-offs in the 1980s. Today, it's making a big return on the river.
Echinochloa colonum, commonly known as jungle rice, wild rice, deccan grass, jharua or awnless barnyard grass, [1] is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia. It was formerly classified as a species of Panicum. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop Echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. [2]
Oryza barthii, also called Barth's rice, [3] wild rice, [4] or African wild rice, [5] is a grass in the rice genus Oryza.It is an annual, erect to semierect grass. It has leaves with a short ligule (<13 millimetres (33 ⁄ 64 in)), and panicles that are compact to open, rarely having secondary branching.