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  2. Barter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter

    A barter transaction "moves objects between the regimes of value", meaning that a good or service that is being traded may take up a new meaning or value under its recipient than that of its original owner. [13] There is no criterion of value. There is no real way to value each side of the trade.

  3. Mutual credit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_credit

    What makes a mutual credit accounting system, into something like a money system is the contractual obligation of account holders to close all accounts at zero, which is to say, to depart the system neither owing nor owed. The credit theory of money says clearly that money does not need to be, or be backed by, commodities like gold.

  4. Trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade

    Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. Traders generally negotiate through a medium of credit or exchange, such as money. Though some economists characterize barter (i.e. trading things without the use of money [1]) as an early form of trade, money was invented before written history began. Consequently, any ...

  5. Countertrade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countertrade

    Countertrade also occurs when countries lack sufficient hard currency, or when other types of market trade are impossible.. In 2000, India and Iraq agreed on an "oil for wheat and rice" barter deal, subject to United Nations approval under Article 50 of the UN Persian Gulf War sanctions, that would facilitate 300,000 barrels of oil delivered daily to India at a price of $6.85 a barrel while ...

  6. Non-monetary economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-monetary_economy

    A moneyless economy or nonmonetary economy is a system for allocation of goods and services without payment of money. The simplest example is the family household. Other examples include barter economies, gift economies and primitive communism. Even in a monetary economy, there are a significant number of nonmonetary transactions.

  7. Money - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money

    For example, between two parties in a barter system, one party may not have or make the item that the other wants, indicating the non-existence of the coincidence of wants. Having a medium of exchange can alleviate this issue because the former can have the freedom to spend time on other items, instead of being burdened to only serve the needs ...

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    mail.aol.com

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  9. Complementary currency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary_currency

    Other terms include alternative currency, auxiliary currency, and microcurrency. Mutual credit is a form of alternative currency, and thus any form of lending that does not go through the banking system can be considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which ...