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To avoid possible ambiguities, the electrode potential thus defined can also be referred to as Gibbs–Stockholm electrode potential. In both conventions, the standard hydrogen electrode is defined to have a potential of 0 V. Both conventions also agree on the sign of E for a half-cell reaction when it is written as a reduction.
The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E°), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: Temperature 298.15 K (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F); Effective concentration (activity) 1 mol/L for each aqueous or amalgamated (mercury-alloyed) species;
However, the potential of a reference electrode, standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), is defined as to 0.00 V. An electrode with unknown electrode potential can be paired with either the standard hydrogen electrode, or another electrode whose potential has already been measured, to determine its "absolute" potential.
Its absolute electrode potential is estimated to be 4.44 ± 0.02 V [1] at 25 °C, but to form a basis for comparison with all other electrochemical reactions, hydrogen's standard electrode potential (E°) is declared to be zero volts at any temperature. [2]
The standard electrode potential E 0 against standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is 0.230 V ± 10 mV. [citation needed] The potential is however very sensitive to traces of bromide ions which make it more negative. The more exact standard potential given by an IUPAC review paper is +0.22249 V, with a standard deviation of 0.13 mV at 25 °C. [2]
The formal potential is thus the reversible potential of an electrode at equilibrium immersed in a solution where reactants and products are at unit concentration. [4] If any small incremental change of potential causes a change in the direction of the reaction, i.e. from reduction to oxidation or vice versa , the system is close to equilibrium ...
Absolute electrode potential, in electrochemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, [1] is the electrode potential of a metal measured with respect to a universal reference system (without any additional metal–solution interface).
A reference electrode is an electrode that has a stable and well-known electrode potential. ... the potential for the Fc 0/+ couple is sensitive to solvent. [6] [7 ...