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Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. [1] Almost all gymnosperms are anemophilous, as are many plants in the order Poales , including grasses , sedges , and rushes . [ 1 ]
Most wind-pollinated plants do not produce nectar, attractive scents, or petals because they are not adapted to pollination by animal vectors. Grasses are a large wind-pollinated group; their stigmas are often feathery to help catch pollen in the wind.
These evergreen perennials are similar to rushes, with adaptations to wind-pollination. Leaves are usually just sheaths; green stems provide photosynthesis. Thamnochortus insignis is used for roofing in South Africa. Female Alexgeorgea flowers in Australia grow mostly underground, except for their tips. [106] [109] Poales: Restio festuciformis
Wind-pollinated flowers often have small, dull petals and produce little or no scent. Some of these flowers will often have no petals at all. Flowers that depend on wind pollination will produce large amounts of pollen because most of the pollen scattered by the wind tends to not reach other flowers. [15]
Chiropterophily or bat pollination is the pollination of flowering plants by bats. Plants adapted to use bats or moths as pollinators typically have white petals, strong scent and flower at night, whereas plants that use birds as pollinators tend to produce copious nectar and have red petals. [25]
Their flowers are adapted for wind pollination. [2] Members of the tribe are characterised by having inflexed or "urticaceous" stamens. The way in which the anther filaments elongate in the developing flower bud causes the anthers to "spring back explosively" when the flower opens. This releases pollen into the air, facilitating wind-pollination.
Generally flowers that are white or green tend to be wind pollinated; where being a bright color isn't necessary. [2] A common phenotype of UV coloration is the “bulls-eye” pattern where a flower reflects UV light at the ends of the petals and absorbs UV light in the center. [4] This acts as a guide for pollinators to locate and find pollen ...
Traits of the staminate flowers and inflorescences are adapted to wind pollination- either by pendulous spikes, which can be moved by the wind to shed the pollen or by the special adaptation of detachment of anthers, and their secondary attachment allowing the shedding of pollen by motion of anthers. [2]