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  2. Solar-cell efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency

    Solar-cell efficiency is the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system , in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system.

  3. Shockley–Queisser limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shockley–Queisser_limit

    The Shockley–Queisser limit, zoomed in near the region of peak efficiency. In a traditional solid-state semiconductor such as silicon, a solar cell is made from two doped crystals, one an n-type semiconductor, which has extra free electrons, and the other a p-type semiconductor, which is lacking free electrons, referred to as "holes."

  4. Thermodynamic efficiency limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiency_limit

    This efficiency limit of about 34% can be exceeded by multijunction solar cells. Excitonic solar cells generates free charge by bound and intermediate exciton states unlike inorganic and crystalline solar cells. The efficiency of the excitonic solar cells and inorganic solar cells (with less exciton-binding energy) [6] cannot go beyond 31% as ...

  5. Theory of solar cells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_solar_cells

    However, the solar frequency spectrum approximates a black body spectrum at about 5,800 K, [1] and as such, much of the solar radiation reaching the Earth is composed of photons with energies greater than the band gap of silicon (1.12eV), which is near to the ideal value for a terrestrial solar cell (1.4eV). These higher energy photons will be ...

  6. Photovoltaics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics

    Solar-cell efficiency is the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system , in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system.

  7. Air mass (solar energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_mass_(solar_energy)

    This apparently counter-intuitive result arises simply because silicon cells can't make much use of the high energy radiation which the atmosphere filters out. As illustrated below, even though the efficiency is lower at AM0 the total output power (P out) for a typical solar cell is still highest at AM0. Conversely, the shape of the spectrum ...

  8. Energy conversion efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conversion_efficiency

    The electrical energy input of this cell is 1.20 times greater than the theoretical minimum so the energy efficiency is 0.83 compared to the ideal cell. A water electrolysis unit operating with a higher voltage that 1.48 V and at a temperature of 25 °C would have to have heat energy removed in order to maintain a constant temperature and the ...

  9. Photovoltaic system performance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system...

    The primary energy input is the global light irradiance in the plane of the solar arrays, and this in turn is a combination of the direct and the diffuse radiation. [ 1 ] The performance is measured by PV monitoring systems, which include a data logging device and often also a weather measurement device (on-site device or an independent weather ...

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