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Night terrors tend to happen during periods of arousal from delta sleep, or slow-wave sleep. [8] [7] Delta sleep occurs most often during the first half of a sleep cycle, which indicates that people with more delta-sleep activity are more prone to night terrors. However, they can also occur during daytime naps. [6]
Even if sleep-related violence may occur during an episode of confusional arousal, it remains extremely rare and there is no specific predisposition to aggression during these episodes. [ 8 ] Distinction between sleepwalking and night terrors
The dream may contain situations of discomfort, psychological or physical terror, or panic. After a nightmare, a person will often awaken in a state of distress and may be unable to return to sleep for a short period of time. [2] Recurrent nightmares may require medical help, as they can interfere with sleeping patterns and cause insomnia.
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The nightmares usually occur during the REM stage of sleep, and the person who experiences the nightmares typically remembers them well upon waking. [2] More specifically, nightmare disorder is a type of parasomnia , a subset of sleep disorders categorized by abnormal movement or behavior or verbal actions during sleep or shortly before or after.
Sleepwalking may also accompany the related phenomenon of night terrors, especially in children. In the midst of a night terror, the affected person may wander in a distressed state while still asleep, and examples of sufferers attempting to run or aggressively defend themselves during these incidents have been reported in medical literature. [15]
Sleep-related hallucinations are brief episodes of dream-like imagery that can be of any sensory modality, i.e., auditory, visual, or tactile. [2] They are differentiated between hypnagogic hallucination, that occur at sleep onset, and hypnapompic hallucinations, which occur at the transition of sleep to awakening. [2]
Sleep paralysis is a state, during waking up or falling asleep, in which a person is conscious but in a complete state of full-body paralysis. [1] [2] During an episode, the person may hallucinate (hear, feel, or see things that are not there), which often results in fear.