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Linear gingival erythema (LGE) is a periodontal disorder diagnosed based on distinct clinical characteristics. It was originally thought that LGE was directly associated with HIV, and it was thus called HIV-associated gingivitis (HIV-G).
Hairy leukoplakia is one of the most common oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, along with oral candidiasis. [7] It is the most common HIV/AIDS related condition caused by EBV, although EBV associated lymphomas may also occur. [5] OHL mainly occurs in adult males, less commonly in adult females and rarely in children. [8]
HIV-SGD is more prevalent in HIV positive children than HIV positive adults, [4] at about 19% and 1% respectively. [1] Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-SGD has increased.
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage ...
Gingival enlargement has a multitude of causes. The most common is chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement, when the gingivae are soft and discolored. This is caused by tissue edema and infective cellular infiltration caused by prolonged exposure to bacterial plaque, and is treated with conventional periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing.
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Predisposing factors include smoking, denture wearing, use of corticosteroid sprays or inhalers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. [2] Candida species even in healthy people mainly colonizes the posterior dorsal tongue. [2] Median rhomboid glossitis is thought to be a type of chronic atrophic (or erythematous) candidiasis.
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