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Dominant seventh chords are often built on the fifth scale degree (or dominant) of a key. For instance, in the C major scale, G is the fifth note of the scale, and the seventh chord built on G is the dominant seventh chord, G 7 (shown above). In this chord, F is a minor seventh above G.
The major seventh chord, sometimes also called a Delta chord, can be written as maj 7, M 7, Δ, ⑦, etc. The "7" does not have to be superscripted, but if it is, then any alterations, added tones, or omissions are usually also superscripted. For example, the major seventh chord built on C, commonly written as Cmaj 7, has pitches C–E–G–B:
The chord a minor third above, ♭ VII 7, may be substituted for the dominant, and may be preceded by its ii: iv 7. [16] Due to common use the two chords of the backdoor progression (IV 7-♭ VII 7) may be substituted for the dominant chord. [11] In C major the dominant would be G7: GBDF, sharing two common tones with B ♭ 7: B ♭ DFA ♭.
The substitute dominant may be used as a pivot chord in modulation. [11] Since it is the dominant chord a tritone away, the substitute dominant may resolve down a fifth, to a tonic chord a tritone away from the previous tonic (for example, in F one may feature a ii–V on C, which with a substitute dominant resolves to G ♭, a distant key from ...
The most common chords are tertian, constructed using a sequence of major thirds (spanning 4 semitones) and/or minor thirds (3 semitones). Since there are 3 third intervals in a seventh chord (4 notes) and each can be major or minor, there are 7 possible permutations (the 8th one, consisted of four major thirds, results in a non-seventh augmented chord, since a major third equally divides the ...
Harmonic minor contains seven types of seventh chords: a minor major seventh chord (i m(maj7)), a half-diminished seventh chord (ii m7(−5)), an augmented major seventh chord (III aug(maj7)), a minor seventh chord (iv m7), a dominant seventh chord (V 7), a major seventh chord (VI maj7), and a diminished seventh chord (vii dim7).
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[12] In jazz, 7 ♯ 9 chords, along with 7 ♭ 9 chords, are often employed as the dominant chord in a minor ii–V–I turnaround. For example, a ii–V–I in C minor could be played as: Dm 7 ♭ 5 – G 7 ♯ 9 – Cm 7. The 7 ♯ 9 represents a major divergence from the world of tertian chord theory, where chords are stacks of major and ...