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Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater populations under controlled or semi-natural conditions and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. [2] Aquaculture is also a practice used for restoring and rehabilitating marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Fish chosen for extensive aquaculture are very hardy and often do well in high densities. Seaweed, prawns, mussels, carp, tilapia, tuna and salmon are the most prominent forms of extensive aqua cultured seafood. Extensive aquaculture facilities have negative impacts on the environment as well.
According to the FAO, "...a fishery is an activity leading to harvesting of fish.It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture." It is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features".
However, fish farming, which has been practiced since about 3,500 BC in China, [6] is becoming increasingly important in many nations, and by 2016, more than 50% of the seafood brought to market was produced by aquaculture (of fish and shellfish). [7] Overall, about one-sixth of the world's protein is estimated to be provided by fish. [8]
While other cultures in places like Egypt and China also used the practice, Hawaii's aquaculture was very advanced considering the much smaller size of the area of Hawaii compared to other aquacultural societies. [1] Hawaiian fishponds were typically shallow areas of a reef flat surrounded by a low lava rock wall (loko kuapa) built out from the ...
Mariculture, sometimes called marine farming or marine aquaculture, [1] is a branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other animal products, in seawater. Subsets of it include ( offshore mariculture ), fish farms built on littoral waters ( inshore mariculture ), or in artificial tanks , ponds or raceways ...
Fisheries and aquaculture are, directly or indirectly, a source of livelihood for over 500 million people, mostly in developing countries. [9] Social sustainability can conflict with biodiversity. A fishery is socially sustainable if the fishery ecosystem maintains the ability to deliver products the society can use.
Hatcheries produce larval and juvenile fish and shellfish for transferral to aquaculture facilities where they are ‘on-grown’ to reach harvest size. Hatchery production confers three main benefits to the industry: 1. Out of season production Consistent supply of fish from aquaculture facilities is an important market requirement. [7]