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  2. Electrical brain stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_brain_stimulation

    Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also referred to as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a form of electrotherapy used as a technique in research and clinical neurobiology to stimulate a neuron or neural network in the brain through the direct or indirect excitation of its cell membrane by using an electric current.

  3. Neural oscillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_oscillation

    Richard Caton discovered electrical activity in the cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys and presented his findings in 1875. [4] Adolf Beck published in 1890 his observations of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain of rabbits and dogs that included rhythmic oscillations altered by light, detected with electrodes directly placed on the surface of the brain. [5]

  4. Cortical stimulation mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_stimulation_mapping

    The electrode delivers an electric current lasting from 2 to 10 seconds on the surface of the brain, causing a reversible lesion in a particular brain location. This lesion can prevent or produce a testable response, such as the movement of a limb or the ability to identify an object.

  5. Functional electrical stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_electrical...

    Electrodes are placed over the quadriceps muscles and peroneal nerves bilaterally. The user controls the neuroprosthesis with two pushbuttons attached to the left and right handles of a walking frame, or on canes or crutches. When the neuroprosthesis is turned on, both quadriceps muscles are stimulated to provide a standing posture. [30]

  6. Transcranial direct-current stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_direct...

    The vertical axis represents the current intensity in milliamp (mA), while the horizontal axis illustrates the time-course. In transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), an electric coil is held above the region of interest on the scalp that uses rapidly changing magnetic fields to induce small electrical currents in the brain. There are two ...

  7. Restorative neurology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorative_Neurology

    Transcranial direct-current stimulation, tDCS, is a form of neurostimulation or neuromodulation. tDCS targets specific areas of the brain by using extremely low levels of constant electrical current. The use of electrical currents to modify brain function is a dated technique that dates back to more than 200 years ago. [7]

  8. Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic...

    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator ...

  9. Soliton model in neuroscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton_model_in_neuroscience

    The soliton model attempts to explain the electrical currents associated with the action potential as follows: the traveling soliton locally changes density and thickness of the membrane, and since the membrane contains many charged and polar substances, this will result in an electrical effect, akin to piezoelectricity.