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Brain is the industry standard name for a computer virus that was released in its first form on 19 January 1986, [1] and is considered to be the first computer virus for the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) and compatibles.
Chlorophyll b is made by the same enzyme acting on chlorophyllide b. The same is known for chlorophyll d and f, both made from corresponding chlorophyllides ultimately made from chlorophyllide a. [39] In Angiosperm plants, the later steps in the biosynthetic pathway are light-dependent. Such plants are pale if grown in darkness.
The first is by infecting an immune cell, which then carries the virus to the nervous tissue. Viral examples of this include the JC virus which infects B cells and HIV which infects CD4 T cells and macrophages to infiltrate the brain. The second is by crossing the blood capillaries as a free virus or in leukocytes. [6]: 23
Chlorophyll a, b, and d. Chlorophyll synthase [14] completes the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a by catalysing the reaction EC 2.5.1.62. chlorophyllide a + phytyl diphosphate chlorophyll a + diphosphate. This forms an ester of the carboxylic acid group in chlorophyllide a with the 20-carbon diterpene alcohol phytol.
The virus is also known as Lahore, Pakistani, Pakistani Brain, and Pakistani flu as it was created in Lahore, Pakistan, by 19-year-old Pakistani programmer Basit Farooq Alvi and his brother, Amjad Farooq Alvi. [18] December: Ralf Burger presented the Virdem model of programs at a meeting of the underground Chaos Computer Club in Germany.
1949 – Growth of polio virus in tissue culture, neutralization, and demonstration of attenuation of neurovirulence (John Enders) and (Thomas Weller) and (Frederick Robbins) 1951 – A vaccine against yellow fever; 1953 – Graft-versus-host disease; 1953 – Validation of immunological tolerance hypothesis
TIL there were different variations of The Simpsons opening theme because starting with season 2 they made 3 versions: the full 1-minute-15-second-long version, a 45-second and a 25-second.
It was the first virus to be discovered, and the first to be crystallised and its structure shown in detail. The first X-ray diffraction pictures of the crystallised virus were obtained by Bernal and Fankuchen in 1941. On the basis of her pictures, Rosalind Franklin discovered the full structure of the virus in 1955. [35]