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The arches of the foot, formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, strengthened by ligaments and tendons, allow the foot to support the weight of the body in the erect posture with the least weight. They are categorized as longitudinal and transverse arches.
The human foot has two longitudinal arches and a transverse arch maintained by the interlocking shapes of the foot bones, strong ligaments, and pulling muscles during activity. The slight mobility of these arches when weight is applied to and removed from the foot makes walking and running more economical in terms of energy.
A series of arches across the tunnel vault. In architecture, a transverse arch is an arch in a vaulted building that goes across the barrel vault.A series of transverse arches sitting on tops of the columns on the sides of the nave was typical in the churches of Romanesque architecture (common since Carolingian times [1]).
The fibularis longus also tilts the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body . Because of the angle at which it crosses the sole of the foot, it plays an important role in maintaining the transverse arch of the foot. [2] Together, the fibularis muscles help to steady the leg upon the foot, especially in standing on one leg. [2]
Fallen arches are a common cause of flat feet in adulthood. This occurs when a specific tendon in the foot, the posterior tibial tendon, degenerates and becomes weaker over time, often due to ...
The transverse tarsal joint or midtarsal joint or Chopart's joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid (the calcaneocuboid joint), and the articulation of the talus with the navicular (the talocalcaneonavicular joint).
The tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joints) are arthrodial joints in the foot. The tarsometatarsal joints involve the first, second and third cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone and the metatarsal bones. The eponym of Lisfranc joint is 18th–19th-century surgeon and gynecologist Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin. [1]
Along with the transverse tarsal joint (i.e. talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint), the subtalar joint transforms tibial rotation into forefoot supination and pronation. The axis of rotation in the joint is directed upward 42 degrees from the horizontal plane and 16 degrees medially from the midline of the foot.
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