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More exotic examples, and the raison d'être of topos theory, come from algebraic geometry. The basic example of a topos comes from the Zariski topos of a scheme . For each scheme X {\displaystyle X} there is a site Open ( X ) {\displaystyle {\text{Open}}(X)} (of objects given by open subsets and morphisms given by inclusions) whose category of ...
A basic example in topology is lifting a path in one topological space to a path in a covering space. [1] For example, consider mapping opposite points on a sphere to the same point, a continuous map from the sphere covering the projective plane. A path in the projective plane is a continuous map from the unit interval [0,1]. We can lift such a ...
The closest pair of points problem or closest pair problem is a problem of computational geometry: given points in metric space, find a pair of points with the smallest distance between them. The closest pair problem for points in the Euclidean plane [ 1 ] was among the first geometric problems that were treated at the origins of the systematic ...
The hexagonal packing of circles on a 2-dimensional Euclidean plane. These problems are mathematically distinct from the ideas in the circle packing theorem.The related circle packing problem deals with packing circles, possibly of different sizes, on a surface, for instance the plane or a sphere.
In fact, this map is exactly the induced map on homology groups, but it descends to the quotient. Let ( X , A ) {\displaystyle (X,A)} and ( Y , B ) {\displaystyle (Y,B)} be pairs of spaces such that A ⊆ X {\displaystyle A\subseteq X} and B ⊆ Y {\displaystyle B\subseteq Y} , and let f : X → Y {\displaystyle f\colon X\to Y} be a continuous map.
Analytic geometry associates to each point in the Euclidean plane an ordered pair. The red ellipse is associated with the set of all pairs ( x , y ) such that x 2 / 4 + y 2 = 1 . In mathematics , an ordered pair , denoted ( a , b ), is a pair of objects in which their order is significant.
Although there are more than 100 species of lemurs, the ring-tailed lemur is arguably the most well-known thanks to King Julien in the hit children’s film Madagascar. His need to “move it ...
A rectangular grid (top) and its image under a conformal map f (bottom). It is seen that f maps pairs of lines intersecting at 90° to pairs of curves still intersecting at 90°. A conformal map is a function which preserves angles locally. In the most common case the function has a domain and range in the complex plane. More formally, a map,