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This is a list of federal and state electoral districts within the Malaysian state of Penang. The state sends 13 representatives to the Malaysian federal Parliament and is divided into 40 state constituencies, each of which elects a single member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly .
The Penang State Executive Council, the executive branch of the Penang state government, is drawn from among the State Assemblymen. After the 2023 Penang state election, 29 out of 40 seats are held by the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN). The PH–BN alliance thus command a supermajority in the legislature.
This is the seating arrangement as of its last meeting on 29 November 2012. In addition, there were a seat that is labelled as VACANT, namely Titiwangsa. The seats vacancy is due to the death of the incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency, which happened on 17 July 2011 respectively.
From Merdeka Day (1957) until 1963 only the total number of seats were specified. From 1963 until 1973 the seats were grouped into the States of Malaya (104 seats), Sabah (16 members), Sarawak (24 members) and Singapore (15 members until 1965). From 1973 onwards the number of seats per state and Federal Territory were prescribed and changed ...
The 15th General Election witnessed 148 governmental seats and 74 non-governmental seats filled the Dewan Rakyat. The government side has 43 safe seats and 9 fairly safe seats, while the other side has 21 safe seats and 10 fairly safe seats.
The list excludes Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan as Federal Territories do not have state legislative assemblies and are governed directly by the federal government under the Ministry of Federal Territories together with local authorities, namely the Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Putrajaya Corporation and Labuan Corporation respectively.
In addition, there were three seats that is labelled as VACANT, namely Batu Sapi, Gerik and Pekan. Both of Batu Sapi and Gerik seats vacancy is due to the death of the incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) for both of this constituency, which happened on 2 October 2020 (Batu Sapi) and 16 November 2020 (Gerik) respectively.
This is a complete list of the individual parliaments of the Parliament of Malaysia. 1st Parliament of the Federation of Malaya: 1959–1963 1st Malaysian Parliament: 1963–1964 2nd Malaysian Parliament: 1964–1969 3rd Malaysian Parliament: 1971–1974 4th Malaysian Parliament: 1974–1978 5th Malaysian Parliament: 1978–1982 6th Malaysian Parliament: 1982–1986 7th Malaysian Parliament ...