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Illustration of the malate–aspartate shuttle pathway. The malate–aspartate shuttle (sometimes simply the malate shuttle) is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes.
The two main systems in humans are the glycerol phosphate shuttle and the malate-aspartate shuttle. The malate/a-ketoglutarate antiporter functions move electrons while the aspartate/glutamate antiporter moves amino groups. This allows the mitochondria to receive the substrates that it needs for its functionality in an efficient manner. [1]
Citrate ion Malate ion. The citrate-malate shuttle is a series of chemical reactions, commonly referred to as a biochemical cycle or system, that transports acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes for fatty acid synthesis. [1]
Also, GOT2 is a major participant in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which is a passage from the cytosol to the mitochondria. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology. [5] GOT2 has been seen to have a role in cell proliferation, especially in terms of tumor growth.
Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD + to NADH. This reaction is part of many metabolic pathways , including the citric acid cycle .
20512 Ensembl ENSG00000079215 ENSMUSG00000005360 UniProt P43003 P56564 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001166695 NM_001166696 NM_001289939 NM_001289940 NM_004172 NM_148938 RefSeq (protein) NP_001160167 NP_001160168 NP_001276868 NP_001276869 NP_004163 NP_683740 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 36.6 – 36.69 Mb Chr 15: 8.66 – 8.74 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Excitatory amino acid ...
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1.2 Recruited reaction steps of the citric acid cycle and malate aspartate shuttle 1.3 Reaction steps from malate to pyruvate and lactate 2 Intracellular compartmentalization of the glutaminolytic pathway