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Human immune cells are used to develop human lymphoid organs within these immunodeficient mice, and many different types of SCID mouse models have been developed. These mice allow researchers to study the human immune system and human disease in a small animal model. [1]
Problems posed by the differences in the human and rodent immune systems have been overcome using a few strategies, so as to enable researchers to study autoimmune disorders using humanized models. As a result, the use of humanized mouse models has extended to various areas of immunology and disease research.
A humouse is an immunodeficient mouse reconstituted with a human immune system, also generally known as humanised mouse.Although conventional mouse models have allowed for an increased understanding of mammalian immune systems, this knowledge cannot necessarily be directly applied to humans due to biological differences between the two species.
Models of acute or chronic leukemia established using cancer cells collected from patients. [citation needed] A highly sensitive platform for studying epithelial [12] and cancer stem cells. [13] Establishing a functional, humanized immune system from engrafted human hematopoietic stem cells [14] [15] and progenitors. [16]
The first aim of ImmGen is to generate a compendium of whole-genome transcriptional profiles (initially by microarray, now mostly by RNA-sequencing) for nearly all characterized cell populations of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the mouse, at major stages of differentiation and activation. This effort is being carried out by a group ...
With the immune system incapacitated, a critical component of the known tumor microenvironment interaction is foregone, preventing immunotherapies and anti-cancer agents that target the immune system components from being studied in PDX models. Researchers are beginning to explore the use of humanized-xenograft models to enable immune studies.
A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) [1] or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for research or as animal models of human diseases and are also used for research on genes.
Yancopoulos was the first to propose making mouse models with genetically human immune systems ("Human mice"). [18] This research led to Yancopoulos at Regeneron developing "the most valuable mouse ever made," bred to have immune systems that respond just as a human's would, so that it can be used for testing how the human body might react to ...