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Ostyak (Russian: Остя́к) is a name formerly used to refer to several Indigenous peoples and languages in Siberia, Russia. Both the Khanty people and the Ket people were formerly called Ostyaks, whereas the Selkup people were referred to as Ostyak-Samoyed.
The older Russian name Ostyak is from Khanty as-kho 'person from the Ob (as) River,' with -yak after other ethnic terms like Permyak. [7] Some Khanty princedoms were partially included in the Siberia Khanate from the 1440s–1570s. In the 11th century, Yugra was actually a term for numerous tribes, each having its own centre and its own chief.
The Ket people share their origin with other Yeniseian people and are closely related to other Indigenous people of Siberia and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly to Y-DNA haplogroup Q-M242. [4] According to a 2016 study, the Ket and other Yeniseian people originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal.
Khanty (also spelled Khanti or Hanti), previously known as Ostyak (/ ˈ ɒ s t j æ k /), [4] is a Uralic language family that has multiple dialect continuua and is varyingly considered a language or a collection of distinct languages spoken in the Khanty-Mansi and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.
In Russian the Selkup call themselves Ostyak. This name is originally an exonym originating from the 17th century, when it was used to denote the Ob-Ugrian and Samoyed population of the Middle Ob region. By the end of the 20th century the name had been adopted by the Selkup as an indigenous name. [4]
People Language Numbers [1] Most important territory Other traditional territories Nenets: Nenets: 45,000 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: Enets: Enets: 200–300 Krasnoyarsk Krai: Nganasans: Nganasan: 900–1000 Krasnoyarsk Krai: Selkups: Selkup: 3,700 ...
Ket people or Yenisei Ostyaks, indigenous people of the Yenisei River basin, Krasnoyarsk Krai district, Russia; Selkup people or Ostyak-Samoyeds, indigenous people in Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia; Perm (Ostyak) Tatars, a subgroup of the Volga Tatars ethnic group
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug .