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The Harvard Psilocybin Project was a series of experiments in psychology conducted by Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert.The founding board of the project consisted of Leary, Aldous Huxley, David McClelland (Leary's and Alpert's superior at Harvard University), [21] Frank Barron, Ralph Metzner, and two graduate students who were working on a project with mescaline.
This is a list of species and genera that are used as entheogens or are used in an entheogenic concoction (such as ayahuasca). For ritualistic use they may be classified as hallucinogens. The active principles and historical significance of each are also listed to illustrate the requirements necessary to be categorized as an entheogen.
This is a list of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens, or hallucinogens and entactogens that are currently under formal development for clinical use but are not yet approved. [ 1 ] Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.
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Articles related to Entheogens.In strict sense entheogen means any substance which traditionally has been used in religious, shamanic, or spiritual context. More broadly, the term entheogen is used to refer to any psychoactive substances when used for their religious or spiritual effects, whether or not in a formal religious or traditional structure.
The first American entheogen to be subject to scientific analysis was the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii). One of the founders of modern ethno-botany, Richard Evans Schultes of Harvard University documented the ritual use of peyote cactus among the Kiowa , who live in what became Oklahoma.
The Maya, Olmecs, and Aztecs have well-documented entheogenic complexes. [3] North American cultures also have a tradition of entheogens. In South America, especially in Peru, the archaeological study of cultures like Chavin, Cupisnique, Nazca [4] and Moche, [5] have demonstrated the use of entheogens through archaeobotanical, iconographic and paraphernalia.
Like its close relatives dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America. [5] [6] Slang terms include five-methoxy, the power, bufo, and toad venom. [7] The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors among others.