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Iterative impedance of an infinite ladder of L-circuit sections Image impedance of an infinite ladder of L-circuit half-sections. Iterative impedance is a similar concept to image impedance. Whereas an iterative impedance is formed by connecting port 2 of the first two-port network to port 1 of the next, an image impedance is formed by ...
The definition of image impedance for a two-port network is the impedance, Z i 1, seen looking into port 1 when port 2 is terminated with the image impedance, Z i 2, for port 2. In general, the image impedances of ports 1 and 2 will not be equal unless the network is symmetrical (or anti-symmetrical) with respect to the ports.
The mechanical analogue in the impedance analogy of the constant voltage generator is the constant force generator. The mechanical analogue of the constant current generator is the constant velocity generator. [17] An example of a constant force generator is the constant-force spring. This is analogous to a real voltage source, such as a ...
To be realisable as a rational impedance, Z(s) must be positive-real. The positive-real (PR) condition is both necessary and sufficient [8] but there may be practical reasons for rejecting some topologies. [7] A general impedance transform for finding equivalent rational one-ports from a given instance of [Z] is due to Wilhelm Cauer.
Examples are imperfect voltage followers (emitter, source, cathode follower, etc.) and amplifiers with series negative feedback (emitter degeneration), whose input impedance is moderately increased. The op-amp non-inverting amplifier is a typical circuit with series negative feedback based on the Miller theorem, where the op-amp differential ...
It is commonly used in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for interpretation of impedance spectra, often with a constant phase element (CPE) replacing the double layer capacity. The Randles equivalent circuit is one of the simplest possible models describing processes at the electrochemical interface.
The converse also holds: if a current source in parallel with an impedance is present, multiplying the value of the current source with the value of the impedance provides the equivalent voltage source in series with the impedance. A visual example of a source transformation can be seen in Figure 1.
This leads to one equation that incorporates two mesh currents. Once this equation is formed, an equation is needed that relates the two mesh currents with the current source. This will be an equation where the current source is equal to one of the mesh currents minus the other. The following is a simple example of dealing with a supermesh. [2]