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Between 1881 and 1911, Glamorgan became the most industrialised part of Wales and saw inward migration of more than 330,000 people from elsewhere in Wales, neighbouring parts of England and further afield. [7] The coal mines were employing 250,000 men by 1921, [8] but this was the peak and in subsequent decades the overseas market began to ...
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The last operating deep coal mine in the United Kingdom, Kellingley colliery in North Yorkshire, closed in December 2015. [1] After 2015, most continuing coal mines were collieries owned by freeminers , or open pit mines of which there were 26 in 2014. [ 2 ]
During the 1840s, Thomas Brown acquired the rights to sink a mine shaft at the site of a farm known as Tir Nicholas, in the hope of reaching the 'Elled' coal seam. The shaft was sunk to a depth of 130 yards and the colliery set up was originally known as Tir Nicholas Colliery, and later the South Wales Colliery.
Nantgarw Colliery (amalgamated with Windsor Colliery in 1974, closed 1986); deepest pit in the South Wales Coalfield when sunk in 1915; Navigation Colliery in Crumlin; Nine Mile Point Colliery at Cwmfelinfach (closed 1964) Oakdale Colliery at Ty Mellyn in the Sirhowy Valley (closed 1989; linked to Markham and Celynen North) Ogilvie Colliery ...
Hendrewen (Glenrhondda) Colliery 1899 Glenavon Garw Colliery Co. Blaencwm 1966 434 (1923) Rhondda No. 2, Gorllwyn 78 Lady Lewis Colliery 1904 Lewis MErthyr Consolidated Collieries Co, Ynyshir 1930s 1265 (1923) Two feet Nine, Four feet, Six feet, Nine feet, Red 79 Anthony Colliery (Naval No. 4) 1910 Naval Colliery Co, Tonypandy 1958 Unknown
In 1920 the colliery was bought by Vale of Neath Collieries Co., which itself was consolidated into Amalgamated Anthracite Collieries Ltd in 1929. After World War 2 the mines were nationalised, and under British Coal in 1950 the various drift mine workings employed 855 working the Eighteen Feet, Nine Feet and Three Feet seams.
Production at the colliery quickly flourished and its average weekly output soon reached 12,000 tonnes. This was the largest tonnage for a single shaft colliery in the whole of South Wales. The colliery brought immigration from England, Scotland and Ireland for the work opportunities available. [3]