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Sjögren's syndrome can damage vital organs, with symptoms that may plateau or worsen, or go into remission, as with other autoimmune diseases. Some people may experience only the mild symptoms of dry eyes and mouth, while others have symptoms of severe disease. Many patients can treat problems symptomatically.
This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed ...
An autoimmune response to Type II collagen, which is found in cartilage and the sclera of the eye, may play a role in the pathophysiology of RP. [5] A genetic connection to HLA-DR4 (DRB1*04 subtype alleles) may also exist. [5] About 30% of cases of RP are linked to additional illnesses, such as autoimmune disorders. [5]
The presentation of the disease varies considerably from one patient to another. [8] Generally, the symptoms include nonspecific symptoms common to connective tissue diseases such as fatigue – this is common in autoimmune diseases, and is the patient's primary concern [9] malaise; fever [10] These can be the initial presentation for some ...
However, some autoimmune diseases may present with more specific symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes (e.g., urticaria), or neurological symptoms. The exact causes of autoimmune diseases remain unclear and are likely multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental influences. [7]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
AAG can be difficult to distinguish from degenerative autonomic disorders such as pure autonomic failure or multiple system atrophy when autonomic symptoms appear gradually. When the time course is unknown, the presence of prominent gastrointestinal dysmotility and impaired pupillary light reflexes should point to AAG.
The autoimmune reaction most commonly affects the oral mucosa in the mouth, causing lesions in the gums (gingiva), known as desquamative gingivitis. More severe cases can also affect areas of mucous membrane elsewhere in the body, such as the sinuses, genitals, anus, and cornea . [ 5 ]