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These figures should be compared with the temperature and density of Earth's atmosphere plotted at NRLMSISE-00, which shows the air density dropping from 1200 g/m 3 at sea level to 0.125 g/m 3 at 70 km, a factor of 9600, indicating an average scale height of 70 / ln(9600) = 7.64 km, consistent with the indicated average air temperature over ...
Air pressure actually decreases exponentially with altitude, for altitudes up to around 70 km (43 mi; 230,000 ft), dropping by half every 5.6 km (18,000 ft), or by a factor of 1/e ≈ 0.368 every 7.64 km (25,100 ft), which is called the scale height. However, the atmosphere is more accurately modeled with a customized equation for each layer ...
The lower stratosphere is centered around 18 kilometers above Earth's surface. The stratosphere image is dominated by blues and greens, which indicates a cooling over time. [1] Diagram showing the five primary layers of the Earth's atmosphere: exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The layers are not to scale.
Pressure as a function of the height above the sea level. There are two equations for computing pressure as a function of height. The first equation is applicable to the atmospheric layers in which the temperature is assumed to vary with altitude at a non null lapse rate of : = [,, ()] ′, The second equation is applicable to the atmospheric layers in which the temperature is assumed not to ...
Using the values T=273 K and M=29 g/mol as characteristic of the Earth's atmosphere, H = RT/Mg = (8.315*273)/(29*9.8) = 7.99, or about 8 km, which coincidentally is approximate height of Mt. Everest. For an isothermal atmosphere, ( 1 − 1 e ) {\displaystyle (1-{\frac {1}{e}})} or about 63% of the total mass of the atmosphere exists between the ...
From Earths surface to the top of the stratosphere (50 km) is just under 1% of Earth's radius. The mesosphere ( / ˈ m ɛ s ə s f ɪər , ˈ m ɛ z -, ˈ m iː s ə -, - z ə -/ ; [ 1 ] from Ancient Greek μέσος ( mésos ) 'middle' and - sphere ) is the third layer of the atmosphere , directly above the stratosphere and directly below the ...
The greatest cooling occurred in the tropical stratosphere consistent with enhanced Brewer-Dobson circulation under greenhouse gas concentrations increase. [ 23 ] [ non-primary source needed ] Lower stratospheric cooling is mainly caused by the effects of ozone depletion with a possible contribution from increased stratospheric water vapor and ...
The Brunt–Väisälä frequency commonly appears in the thermodynamic equations for the atmosphere and in the structure of stars. Trajectory of a parcel of fluid displaced by 1m in an unstably stratified fluid of Brunt-Väisälä frequency N 2 = −1/ s 2 Oscillations of a parcel of fluid initially displaced by 1m in a stably stratified fluid ...