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In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading. Once a fatigue crack has initiated, it grows a small amount with each loading cycle, typically producing striations on some parts of the fracture surface.
Vibration fatigue is a mechanical engineering term describing material fatigue, caused by forced vibration of random nature. An excited structure responds according to its natural-dynamics modes, which results in a dynamic stress load in the material points. [ 1 ]
The exact cause of WECs and their significance in rolling bearing failures have been the subject of much research and discussion. [8] [6] Ultimately, the formation of WECs appears to be influenced by a complex interplay between material, mechanical, and chemical factors, [3] including hydrogen embrittlement, high stresses from sliding contact, inclusions, [9] electrical currents, [10] and ...
Fatigue alone is the driving cause of failure in this case, causing the material to fail before oxidation can have much of an effect. [1] TMF still is not fully understood. There are many different models to attempt to predict the behavior and life of materials undergoing TMF loading. The two models presented below take different approaches.
Research in this domain focuses on characterizing the Bauschinger effect in alloys and developing predictive models to assess fatigue life, [11] ensuring structural integrity and reliability. Metal Forming: The Bauschinger effect significantly influences the material's flow behavior, strain distribution, and required forming loads during these ...
Fractography can determine whether a cause of train derailment was a faulty rail, or if a wing of a plane had fatigue cracks before a crash. Fractography is used also in materials research, since fracture properties can correlate with other properties and with structure of materials.
Although some research has suggested that many loading cycles are required to form a single striation, it is now generally thought that each striation is the result of a single loading cycle. [ 1 ] The presence of striations is used in failure analysis as an indication that a fatigue crack has been growing.
Low cycle fatigue (LCF) has two fundamental characteristics: plastic deformation in each cycle; and low cycle phenomenon, in which the materials have finite endurance for this type of load. The term cycle refers to repeated applications of stress that lead to eventual fatigue and failure; low-cycle pertains to a long period between applications.