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English Egyptologist Sir John Gardner Wilkinson visited Amarna twice in the 1820s and identified it as Alabastron, [6] following the sometimes contradictory descriptions of Roman-era authors Pliny (On Stones) and Ptolemy , [7] [8] although he was not sure about the identification and suggested Kom el-Ahmar as an alternative location.
Amarna art, or the Amarna style, is a style adopted in the Amarna Period during and just after the reign of Akhenaten (r. 1351–1334 BC) in the late Eighteenth Dynasty, during the New Kingdom. Whereas ancient Egyptian art was famously slow to change, the Amarna style was a significant and sudden break from its predecessors both in the style of ...
The Amarna letters (/ ə ˈ m ɑːr n ə /; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru, or ...
The sole worship of Aten can be referred to as Atenism. Many of the core principles of Atenism were recorded in the capital city Akhenaten founded and moved his dynastic government to, Akhetaten, referred to as either Amarna, El-Amarna, or Tell el-Amarna by modern scholars. In Atenism, night is a time to fear. [11]
They compared the text to other documents of Tushratta written in Akkadian and found in Tell el-Amarna alongside the Mitanni Letter. All the letters from the Mitanni king followed a consistent pattern, using identical phrases, and addressed similar matters. [6] This facilitated the creation of a quasi-bilingual Akkadian-Hurrian dictionary. [3]
The Tell Amarna letters, dating from the 14th century BCE, include ten letters from the kings of Gezer swearing loyalty to the Egyptian pharaoh. [28] The city-state of Gezer (named Gazru in Babylonian) was ruled by at least three leaders during the 20-year period covered by the Amarna letters. [5]
The Amarna Period was an era of Egyptian history during the later half of the Eighteenth Dynasty when the royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen shifted from the old capital of Thebes (Waset) to Akhetaten (literally 'Horizon of the Aten') in what is now modern Amarna.
Montserrat argues that all the versions of the hymns focus on the king and suggests that the specific innovation is to redefine the relationship of god and king in a way that benefited Akhenaten, quoting the statement of Egyptologist John Baines that "Amarna religion was a religion of god and king, or even of king first and then god." [21] [22]