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Evolution has been described as "fact and theory"; "fact, not theory"; "only a theory, not a fact"; "multiple theories, not fact"; and "neither fact, nor theory." [ 2 ] The disagreements among these statements, however, have more to do with the meaning of words than the substantial issues and this controversy is discussed below.
The concept of linguistic relativity concerns the relationship between language and thought, specifically whether language influences thought, and, if so, how. This question has led to research in multiple disciplines—including anthropology , cognitive science , linguistics , and philosophy .
The extension of the phrase "Wikipedia reader" includes each person who has ever read Wikipedia, including you. The extension of a whole statement, as opposed to a word or phrase, is defined (since Gottlob Frege's "On Sense and Reference") as its truth value. So the extension of "Lassie is famous" is the logical value 'true', since Lassie is ...
The numbers or the objects to be added in general addition are collectively referred to as the terms, [6] the addends [7] [8] [9] or the summands; [10] this terminology carries over to the summation of multiple terms. This is to be distinguished from factors, which are multiplied. Some authors call the first addend the augend.
The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism—often expressed using Ernst Haeckel's phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"—is a historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching (), goes through stages resembling or representing successive adult stages in the evolution of the ...
The mediaeval great chain of being as a staircase, implying the possibility of progress: [1] Ramon Lull's Ladder of Ascent and Descent of the Mind, 1305. Alternatives to Darwinian evolution have been proposed by scholars investigating biology to explain signs of evolution and the relatedness of different groups of living things.
Their objections are in contrast to the level of support for the theory by more than 99 percent of those within the scientific community today. [ 19 ] Natural selection is commonly equated with survival of the fittest , but this expression originated in Herbert Spencer 's Principles of Biology in 1864, five years after Charles Darwin published ...
The first five editions of Darwin's in Origin of Species used the word "evolved", but the word "evolution" was only used in its sixth edition in 1872. [8] By then, Herbert Spencer had developed the concept theory that organisms strive to evolve due to an internal "driving force" ( orthogenesis ) in 1862. [ 7 ]