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The fast is observed on the 13th day of the Hebrew month of Adar (when the year has two Adar months, it is observed only in the second Adar). If the date of the Fast of Esther falls on Shabbat (Saturday), the fast is instead observed on the preceding Thursday, this was the case in 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017 and 2024.
13 Adar (474 BCE) – War between Jews and their enemies in Persia (Book of Esther, chapter 9). 13 Adar (161 BCE) – Yom Nicanor – The Maccabees defeated Greek Syrian general Nicanor at the Battle of Adasa during the Maccabean Revolt. 13 Adar (1895–1986) – Death of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein
The date it is held is 13 Adar, the day of the Battle of Adasa. The Day of Nicanor was included in a 1st century Jewish calendar of special days, Megillat Ta'anit . Later rabbinical writings, such as in the Ta'anit tractate of the Talmud, focus more on Nicanor's arrogance and threats backfiring on him, and omit mention of Judas Maccabeus.
Rosh Chodesh of Adar 7 Adar February 19, 2021 Seventh of Adar: Starts at dawn. On Adar II on leap years, Adar I on non-leap years Movable February 20, 2021 Shabbat Zachor: Shabbat immediately preceding Purim. On leap years, this falls on the 1st of Adar II, or on the 1st of Adar II itself if it is Shabbat. Adar I on non-leap years. 13 Adar
[13] [14] On 13 Adar, Haman's ten sons and 500 other men are killed in Shushan (9:1–12). Upon hearing of this Esther requests it be repeated the next day, whereupon 300 more men are killed (9:13–15). In the other Persian provinces, 75,000 people are killed by the Jews, who are careful to take no plunder (9:16–17).
The defeat of Seleucid general Nicanor is celebrated on 13 Adar as Yom Nicanor. [113] [114] The traumatic time period helped define the genre of the apocalypse and heightened Jewish apocalypticism. [115]
[13] Months. The Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar, ... Adar (Adar II in leap years) 29: 11 February to 13 March: 11 March to 10 April Total 354 (or 353 or 355)
Fast of Esther: normally 13 Adar; Purim: 14 Adar; Shushan Purim: 15 Adar; In leap years on the Hebrew calendar, the above dates are observed in the Second Adar (Adar Sheni). The 14th and 15th of First Adar (Adar Rishon) are known as Purim Katan