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In many cases, upward conflict spirals are sustained by the norms of reciprocity: if one group or person criticizes the other, the criticized person or group feels justified in doing the same. In conflict situations, opponents often follow the norm of rough reciprocity, i.e. they give too much (overmatching) or too little (undermatching) in return.
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, also known as MEDAL, is an advanced learner's dictionary published from 2002 until 2023 [1] by Macmillan Education.It shares most of the features of this type of dictionary: it provides definitions in simple language, using a controlled defining vocabulary; most words have example sentences to illustrate how they are typically used; and ...
Fiction, non-fiction, dictionary John Anthony Bowden Cuddon (2 June 1928 – 12 March 1996), was an English author, dictionary writer, and school teacher. He is known best for his Dictionary of Literary Terms (published in several editions), described by the Times Educational Supplement as ‘scholarly, succinct, comprehensive and entertaining ...
Langenscheidt dictionaries in various languages A multi-volume Latin dictionary by Egidio Forcellini Dictionary definition entries. A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by consonantal root for Semitic languages or radical and stroke for logographic languages), which may include information on definitions ...
A defining vocabulary is a list of words used by lexicographers to write dictionary definitions. The underlying principle goes back to Samuel Johnson's notion that words should be defined using 'terms less abstruse than that which is to be explained', [1] and a defining vocabulary provides the lexicographer with a restricted list of high-frequency words which can be used for producing simple ...
Conflict, a Swedish drama film directed by Per-Axel Branner; Conflict, a French drama film directed by Léonide Moguy; Conflict, an American suspense film starring Humphrey Bogart; Catholics: A Fable, or The Conflict, a film starring Martin Sheen; Judith or Conflict, a film starring Sophia Loren
Conflict forecasts and early warnings can be sufficiently precise to be relevant for policy and evaluation of theories. [54] Conflict escalation can be rational for one side of the conflict in some cases of asymmetric conflicts, [55] appeasement [45] or for Fait accompli, [56] causing challenges to de-escalation.
The English word militant is both an adjective and a noun, and it is generally used to mean vigorously active, combative and/or aggressive, especially in support of a cause, as in "militant reformers". [1] [2] It comes from the 15th century Latin "militare" meaning "to serve as a soldier".