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Zero waste, or waste minimization, is a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages redesigning resource life cycles so that all products are repurposed (i.e. "up-cycled") and/or reused. The goal of the movement is to avoid sending trash to landfills, incinerators, oceans, or any other part of the environment.
Within the concept of a circular economy in sanitation, an alternative term that is being used is "resource flows". [4]: 10 The final outputs from the sanitation treatment systems can be called "reuse products" or "other outputs". [4]: 10 These reuse products are general fertilizers, soil conditioners, biomass, water, or energy.
The next step or preferred action is to seek alternative uses for the waste that has been generated, i.e., by re-use. The next is recycling which includes composting. Following this step is material recovery and waste-to-energy. The final action is disposal, in landfills or through incineration without energy recovery. This last step is the ...
The circular economy is a framework of three principles, driven by design: eliminating waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems. [6] It is based increasingly on renewable energy and materials, and it is accelerated by digital innovation.
Venice Biennale installation by Małgorzata Mirga-Tas (2022) - artistic upcycling of old textile materials. While recycling usually means the materials are remade into their original form, e.g., recycling plastic bottles into plastic polymers, which then produce plastic bottles through the manufacturing process, upcycling adds more value to the materials, as the name suggested.
One way to address this is to increase product longevity; either by extending a product's first life or addressing issues of repair, reuse and recycling. [2] Reusing products, and therefore extending the use of that item beyond the point where it is discarded by its first user is preferable to recycling or disposal, [3] as this is the least energy intensive solution, although it is often ...
Resource recovery can be enabled by changes in government policy and regulation, circular economy infrastructure such as improved 'binfrastructure' to promote source separation and waste collection, reuse and recycling, [5] innovative circular business models, [6] and valuing materials and products in terms of their economic but also their social and environmental costs and benefits. [7]
Adaptive reuse is defined as the aesthetic process that adapts buildings for new uses while retaining their historic features. Using an adaptive reuse model can prolong a building's life, from cradle-to-grave, by retaining all or most of the building system, including the structure, the shell and even the interior materials. [6]