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Felix & Odile Pratt Valle slave quarters, southeast corner of Merchant & Second Streets, Sainte Genevieve, Missouri. The history of slavery in Missouri began in 1720, predating statehood, with the large-scale slavery in the region, when French merchant Philippe François Renault brought about 500 slaves of African descent from Saint-Domingue up the Mississippi River to work in lead mines in ...
Map and view of St. Louis, 1848. This is a list of slave traders working in Missouri from settlement until 1865: . Jim Adams, Missouri and New Orleans [1]; Atkinson & Richardson, Tennessee, Kentucky, and St. Louis, Mo. [2]
Missouri statehood, with the Tallmadge Amendment approved, would have set a trajectory towards a free state west of the Mississippi and a decline in southern political authority. The question as to whether the Congress was allowed to restrain the growth of slavery in Missouri took on great importance in slave states.
The "Missouri Crisis" was resolved at first in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise cleared the way for Missouri's entry to the union as a slave state. The Missouri Compromise stated that the remaining portion of the Louisiana Territory above the 36°30′ line was to be free from slavery. This same year, the first Missouri constitution was adopted.
Anti-slavery proponents during the "Bleeding Kansas" period of the later 1850s were called Free-Staters and Free-Soilers, and fought against pro-slavery Border Ruffians from Missouri. The animosity escalated throughout the 1850s, culminating in numerous skirmishes and devastation on both sides of the question.
A copy of the slave manifest of the Katherine Jackson, the ship that carried 272 slaves sold by the Society of Jesus from its five Maryland plantations to plantation owners in Louisiana.
Missouri Historical Review (1956) 50#3 pp 235–47. Gitlin, Jay. The bourgeois frontier: French towns, French traders, and American expansion (Yale University Press, 2009) Houck, Louis. History of Missouri, Vol. 1.: From the Earliest Explorations and Settlements until the Admission of the State into the Union (3 vol 1908) online v 1; online v2;
Overall, Missouri's slave population represented 10 percent of the state's population in the 1860 U.S. Census. But in Little Dixie, county and township slave populations ranged from 20 to 50 percent by 1860, with the highest percentages for the counties developed for large plantations along the Missouri river.