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London sinks were originally shallower than Belfast sinks. [5] One plumbing guide in 1921 suggested that the Belfast sink was 38 centimetres (15 in) deep.) [ 7 ] Some believe this was because London had less access to fresh water (and thus a greater need to conserve water), but this theory is now contested.
Although there were many sewers, public latrines, baths and other sanitation infrastructure, disease was still rampant. Most dwellings were not connected to street drains or sewers. Some apartment buildings might have had a latrine and a fountain on the ground floor. This didn't stop the residents on the upper floors from dumping their waste ...
At first, the heavier solids were channeled into ditches on the side of the farm and were covered over when full, but soon flat-bottomed tanks were employed as reservoirs for the sewage; the earliest patent was taken out by William Higgs in 1846 for "tanks or reservoirs in which the contents of sewers and drains from cities, towns and villages ...
The larger ones, which possessed receptacles for soap dishes, were the predecessors of the modern bathroom wash basin, or sink. Both varieties, often of very elegant form, were in extensive use throughout a large part of the 18th century and early-19th century, eventually disappearing with the advent of modern indoor plumbing.
By the late 18th century, however, children were specially employed at the factories and mines and as chimney sweeps, [38] often working long hours in dangerous jobs for low pay. [39] In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. [40]
In some homes, there were upwards of three kitchens. The kitchens were divided based on the types of food prepared in them. [4] The kitchen might be separate from the great hall due to the smoke from cooking fires and the chance the fires may get out of control. [5] Few medieval kitchens survive as they were "notoriously ephemeral structures". [6]
During the copper age, the ancient Chinese invented fired bricks as early as 4400BC. In Chengtoushan, fired bricks were used as flooring for houses. [ 16 ] Clay was also used as sewer pipes by the Mesopotamians at around 4000 BC, with the earliest examples found in the Temple of Bel in Babylonia .
Plug for a sink. A plug in sanitation is an object that is used to close a drainage outlet firmly. The insertion of a plug into a drainage outlet allows the container to be filled with water or other fluids. In contrast to screw on caps, plugs are pushed into the hole and are not put over the hole.