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A conversion factor may be necessary when using different units of power or torque. For example, if rotational speed (unit: revolution per minute or second) is used in place of angular speed (unit: radian per second), we must multiply by 2 π radians per revolution.
Torque; system unit code symbol or abbrev. notes conversion factor/N⋅m combinations Industrial: SI: Newton-metre: Nm N⋅m 1 Nm lbft; Nm lbfft; Non-SI metric: kilogram-metre: kgm kg·m 9.80665 Imperial & US customary: pound-foot: lbft lb⋅ft Pound-inch (lb.in) is also available 1.3558 Scientific: SI: newton metre: Nm N⋅m 1 Nm lbft; Nm ...
The newton-metre or newton-meter (also non-hyphenated, newton metre or newton meter; symbol N⋅m [1] or N m [1]) [a] is the unit of torque (also called moment) in the International System of Units (SI). One newton-metre is equal to the torque resulting from a force of one newton applied perpendicularly to the end of a moment arm that is one ...
where is the armature current of the machine (SI unit: ampere). is primarily used to calculate the armature current for a given torque demand: = The SI units for the torque constant are newton meters per ampere (N·m/A).
Both energy and torque can be expressed as a product of a force vector with a displacement vector (hence pounds and feet); energy is the scalar product of the two, and torque is the vector product. Although calling the torque unit "pound-foot" has been academically suggested, both are still commonly called "foot-pound" in colloquial usage.
The name "pound-foot", intended to minimize confusion with the foot-pound as a unit of work, was apparently first proposed by British physicist Arthur Mason Worthington. [3] Despite this, in practice torque units are commonly called the foot-pound (denoted as either lb-ft or ft-lb) or the inch-pound (denoted as in-lb).
The moment of force, or torque, is a first moment: =, or, more generally, .; Similarly, angular momentum is the 1st moment of momentum: =.Momentum itself is not a moment.; The electric dipole moment is also a 1st moment: = for two opposite point charges or () for a distributed charge with charge density ().
Non-circular cross-sections always have warping deformations that require numerical methods to allow for the exact calculation of the torsion constant. [ 2 ] The torsional stiffness of beams with non-circular cross sections is significantly increased if the warping of the end sections is restrained by, for example, stiff end blocks.