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The famine caused many deaths over an extended number of years and marked a clear end to the period of growth and prosperity from the 11th to the 13th centuries. [2] The Great Famine started with bad weather in spring 1315. Crop failures lasted through 1316 until the summer harvest in 1317, and Europe did not fully recover until 1322.
The famine was a defining moment in the history of Ireland, [3] which was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1922. The famine and its effects permanently changed the island's demographic, political, and cultural landscape, producing an estimated 2 million refugees and spurring a century-long population decline.
The already weak harvests of the north suffered, and a seven-year famine ensued. In the years 1315 to 1317, a catastrophic famine, known as the Great Famine, struck much of North West Europe. It was arguably the worst in European history, perhaps reducing the population by more than 10%. [16]
The famine left in its wake up to a million dead and another million emigrated. [47] The famine caused a sense of lasting bitterness by the Irish towards the British government, whom many blamed – then and now – for the starvation of so many people. [48] The fall-out of the famine continued for decades afterwards.
In a city with a population of about 450,000 while under German occupation, there was a famine starting in the winter of 1941–42 that lasted until the end of September 1942. The local administration recorded 19,284 deaths between the second half of December 1941 and the second half of September 1942, thereof 11,918 (59.6%) from hunger. [ 136 ]
The North Korean famine (Korean: 조선기근), dubbed the Arduous March (고난의 행군), was a period of mass starvation together with a general economic crisis from 1994 to 1998 in North Korea. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] During this time there was an increase in defection from North Korea which peaked towards the end of the famine period.
The Dutch famine of 1944–1945, also known as the Hunger Winter (from Dutch Hongerwinter), was a famine that took place in the German-occupied Netherlands, especially in the densely populated western provinces north of the great rivers, during the relatively harsh winter of 1944–1945, near the end of World War II.
The remainder of deaths occurred mainly in France, where 10,000 people are estimated to have died as a result of famine-like conditions. [3] Aside from death from starvation and famine diseases, suffering came in other forms.