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The runner of the small water turbine. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now, they are mostly used for electric power generation.
In the late 1870s, he invented the Pelton water wheel, at that time the most efficient design of the impulse water turbine. Recognized as one of the fathers of hydroelectric power, he was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal during his lifetime and is an inductee of the National Inventors Hall of Fame. [1]
John Buchanan McCormick (November 4, 1834 – August 21, 1924) [2] was an American mechanical engineer who invented the first modern mixed flow water turbine, the "Hercules", as well variants including the Holyoke-McCormick, and Achilles turbines. [3]
The Pelton wheel or Pelton Turbine is an impulse-type water turbine invented by American inventor Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed to water's dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel .
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today, and can achieve over 95% efficiency. [1] The process of arriving at the modern Francis runner design took from 1848 to approximately 1920. [1]
A steam turbine with the case opened Humming of a small pneumatic turbine used in a German 1940s-vintage safety lamp. A turbine (/ ˈ t ɜːr b aɪ n / or / ˈ t ɜːr b ɪ n /) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) [1] [2] is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.
The higher cost of turbines and the associated gears or generator/motor sets is offset by lower maintenance requirements and the smaller size of a turbine in comparison with a reciprocating engine of equal power, although the fuel costs are higher than those of a diesel engine because steam turbines have lower thermal efficiency. To reduce fuel ...
A Jonval turbine, built in 1885. It was in service for about 100 years in a Geneva pump station, where energy in the form of pressurized water was produced for the local industry. Over pressure in the network was released through the world-famous Jet d'Eau. In total, 17 such turbines were operating in the pump station. [1]