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A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue) is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. [ 1] The history of scrolls dates back to ancient Egypt. In most ancient literate cultures scrolls were the earliest format for longer documents written in ink or paint on a flexible background, preceding bound books; [ 2] rigid media ...
A scroll is usually partitioned into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyrus or parchment glued together at the edges. Scrolls may be marked divisions of a continuous roll of writing material. The scroll is usually unrolled so that one page is exposed at a time, for writing or reading, with the remaining pages rolled and stowed to ...
A birch bark manuscript from Kashmir of the Rupavatara, a grammatical textbook based on the Sanskrit grammar of Pāṇini (dated 1663) Birch bark manuscripts are documents written on pieces of the inner layer of birch bark, which was commonly used for writing before the mass production of paper. Evidence of birch bark for writing goes back many ...
The sofer ( scribe) was from the Sharabi family. According to halakha (Jewish law), a Torah scroll is a copy of the Hebrew text of the Torah handwritten on special types of parchment by using a quill or another permitted writing utensil, dipped in ink. Producing a Torah scroll fulfills one of the 613 commandments.
Papyrus ( / pəˈpaɪrəs / pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. [ 1] Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses[ 2]) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side ...
The codex ( pl.: codices / ˈkoʊdɪsiːz /) [ 1] was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term codex is often used for ancient manuscript books, with handwritten contents. [ 2] A codex is bound by stacking the pages and securing one ...
The goal of the virtual unwrapping process is to determine the layered structure of the scroll and try to peel back each layer while keeping track of which voxel. By transforming the voxels from a 3D volumetric scan to a 2D image, the writing on this inside can be revealed. This process happens in three steps: segmentation, texturing and ...
Manuscript-writing was a laborious process in an ill-lit environment that could damage one's health. One prior complained in the tenth century: "Only try to do it yourself and you will learn how arduous is the writer's task. It dims your eyes, makes your back ache, and knits your chest and belly together. It is a terrible ordeal for the whole ...