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Abbe number. In optics and lens design, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion. It is named after Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), the German physicist ...
Chromatic aberration. Focal length of lens varies with the color of light. In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA ), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. [ 1][ 2] It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements ...
An optical instrument is said to be diffraction-limited if it has reached this limit of resolution performance. Other factors may affect an optical system's performance, such as lens imperfections or aberrations, but these are caused by errors in the manufacture or calculation of a lens, whereas the diffraction limit is the maximum resolution ...
When the imaging system obeys the Abbe sine condition, the ratio of the sines of these angles equal the (lateral absolute) magnification of the system. In optics, the Abbe sine condition is a condition that must be fulfilled by a lens or other optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off-axis as well as on-axis objects.
Crown glass (optics) Crown glass is a type of optical glass used in lenses and other optical components. It has relatively low refractive index (≈1.52) and low dispersion (with Abbe numbers between 50 and 85). Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide and is one of the earliest low ...
1: Imaging by a lens with chromatic aberration. 2: A lens with less chromatic aberration. In optics, aberration is a property of optical systems, such as lenses, that causes light to be spread out over some region of space rather than focused to a point. [ 1] Aberrations cause the image formed by a lens to be blurred or distorted, with the ...
Flint glass is optical glass that has relatively high refractive index and low Abbe number (high dispersion ). Flint glasses are arbitrarily defined as having an Abbe number of 50 to 55 or less. The currently known flint glasses have refractive indices ranging between 1.45 and 2.00. Traditionally, flint glasses were lead glasses containing ...
The line-spread function is directly proportional to the vertical integration of the point-spread image. The optical-transfer function (OTF) is defined as the Fourier transform of the point-spread function and is thus generally a two-dimensional complex function. Typically only a one-dimensional slice is shown (c), corresponding to the Fourier ...