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Osteonecrosis of the jaw ( ONJ) is a severe bone disease ( osteonecrosis) that affects the jaws (the maxilla and the mandible ). Various forms of ONJ have been described since 1861, and a number of causes have been suggested in the literature. Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonate therapy, which is required by some cancer ...
Felty's syndrome (FS), also called Felty syndrome, [1] is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the triad of rheumatoid arthritis, enlargement of the spleen and low neutrophil count. The condition is more common in those aged 50–70 years, specifically more prevalent in females than males, and more so in Caucasians than those of African ...
Early diagnosis and treatment is important to allow for prompt treatment to prevent long-term consequences such as tooth loss. [8] A diagnosis can be made by a urine analysis for low/no activity of the enzyme cathepsin C. [8] A full patient history and identification of characteristic physical symptoms is another way to identify this syndrome.
Gorham's disease (pronounced GOR-amz), also known as Gorham vanishing bone disease and phantom bone disease, [1] is a very rare skeletal condition of unknown cause.It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of distended, thin-walled vascular or lymphatic channels within bone, which leads to resorption and replacement of bone with angiomas and/or fibrosis.
Craniocervical instability ( CCI) is a medical condition characterized by excessive movement of the vertebra at the atlanto-occipital joint and the atlanto-axial joint located between the skull and the top two vertebra, known as C1 and C2. [citation needed] The condition can cause neural injury and compression of nearby structures, including ...
Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's immune system attacks their own red blood cells and platelets, the syndrome can include immune neutropenia. [ 1][ 2] These immune cytopenias may occur simultaneously or sequentially. [ 1][ 3] Its overall phenotype resembles a combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune ...
Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome, [1] styloid syndrome, [2] stylalgia, [3] styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, [2] or styloid–carotid artery syndrome) [4] is an uncommon condition commonly characterized but not limited to sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck. [1]
Noma (also known as gangrenous stomatitis or cancrum oris) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal gangrenous infection of the mouth and face. Noma usually begins as an ulcer on gums and rapidly spreads into the jawbone, cheek, and soft tissues of the face. This is followed by death of the facial tissues and fatal sepsis.