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2. Macrophage polarization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage_polarization

   A continuum of M1-M2 polarization may arise even in the absence of polarizing cytokines and differences in substrate stiffness. [4] M1 macrophages were described as the pro-inflammatory type, important in direct host-defense against pathogens, such as phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microbicidal molecules. M2 ...

3. Macrophage-activating factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage-activating_factor

   Macrophages have been classified as M1 or M2 depending on the adaptive immune response that elicited the phenotype: Th1 or Th2 respectively. [2] [4] [5] The phrase 'alternatively activated macrophage' is used to refer to M2 macrophages. [2] Regulatory macrophages do not fit into the M1/M2 classification system, and they display different ...

4. Macrophage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage

   Unlike M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages secrete an anti-inflammatory response via the addition of Interleukin-4 or Interleukin-13. They also play a role in wound healing and are needed for revascularization and reepithelialization. M2 macrophages are divided into four major types based on their roles: M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d.

5. Tumor-associated macrophage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor-associated_macrophage

   M1 macrophages are seen to have a pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic (anti-tumoral) function; M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory (pro-tumoral) and promote wound healing. However, use of the M1/M2 polarization paradigm has led to confusing terminology since M1/M2 are used to describe mature macrophages, but the activation process is complex and ...

6. U937 (cell line) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U937_(cell_line)

   U-937-derived macrophages preferentially respond to M2-inducing stimuli, subsequently leading them to acquire the phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages. Whereas, in the case of THP-1 cells, the polarization is reversed in favor of classical M1 macrophages. Both cell lines can be artificially polarized in either direction though.

7. Regulatory macrophages - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_macrophages

   Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) represent a subset of anti-inflammatory macrophages. In general, macrophages are a very dynamic and plastic cell type and can be divided into two main groups: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). [1] M2 group can further be divided into sub-groups M2a, M2b, M2c, and ...