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2. Macrophage polarization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage_polarization

   A continuum of M1-M2 polarization may arise even in the absence of polarizing cytokines and differences in substrate stiffness. [4] M1 macrophages were described as the pro-inflammatory type, important in direct host-defense against pathogens, such as phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microbicidal molecules. M2 ...

3. MacBook Air (Apple silicon) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)

   In the current product line, the MacBook Air is Apple's entry-level laptop, situated below the performance range MacBook Pro, and is currently sold with 13-inch and 15-inch screens. [ 1] Apple released the MacBook Air with the Apple M1 system on a chip in November 2020, at WWDC20. A redesigned model based on the Apple M2 chip was released in ...

4. Macrophage-activating factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage-activating_factor

   A macrophage-activating factor ( MAF) is a lymphokine or other receptor based signal that primes macrophages towards cytotoxicity to tumors, cytokine secretion, or clearance of pathogens. Similar molecules may cause development of an inhibitory, regulatory phenotype. A MAF can also alter the ability of macrophages to present MHC I antigen ...

5. Macrophage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage

   Unlike M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages secrete an anti-inflammatory response via the addition of Interleukin-4 or Interleukin-13. They also play a role in wound healing and are needed for revascularization and reepithelialization. M2 macrophages are divided into four major types based on their roles: M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d.

6. Tumor-associated macrophage - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor-associated_macrophage

   M1 macrophages are seen to have a pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic (anti-tumoral) function; M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory (pro-tumoral) and promote wound healing. However, use of the M1/M2 polarization paradigm has led to confusing terminology since M1/M2 are used to describe mature macrophages, but the activation process is complex and ...

7. U937 (cell line) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U937_(cell_line)

   U-937-derived macrophages preferentially respond to M2-inducing stimuli, subsequently leading them to acquire the phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages. Whereas, in the case of THP-1 cells, the polarization is reversed in favor of classical M1 macrophages. Both cell lines can be artificially polarized in either direction though.