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There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, often abbreviated as PEX [1] and sometimes as PES or PXS, is an aging-related systemic disease manifesting itself primarily in the eyes which is characterized by the accumulation of microscopic granular amyloid-like protein fibers. [2] Its cause is unknown, although there is speculation that there may be a genetic basis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus – a connective tissue disorder involving mainly the skin, joints and kidneys. Rheumatoid arthritis – an inflammatory disease which mainly attacks the joints. But can also affect a person's skin, eyes, lungs and mouth. Atherosclerosis – a hardening of the arteries. Sickle cell disease – an inherited blood ...
Uveitis. Uveitis ( / ˌjuːvi.aɪtɪs /) is inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer of the eye between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea. [1] The uvea consists of the middle layer of pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension. [3] Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the U.S. as of 2008. [4] Diabetic retinopathy is the leading ...
Ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the neuromuscular junction resulting in hallmark variability in muscle weakness and fatigability. MG is an autoimmune disease where anomalous antibodies are produced against the naturally occurring acetylcholine receptors in voluntary muscles. MG may be limited to the muscles of the eye (ocular MG ...
Central serous chorioretinopathy ( CSC or CSCR ), also known as central serous retinopathy ( CSR ), is an eye disease that causes visual impairment, often temporary, usually in one eye. [ 1][ 2] When the disorder is active it is characterized by leakage of fluid under the retina that has a propensity to accumulate under the central macula.
The episclera is a thin layer of tissue that lies between the conjunctivaand the connective tissue layer that forms the white of the eye (sclera). Episcleritis is a common condition, and is characterized by the abrupt onset of painless eye redness. There are two types of episcleritis, nodular and simple. Nodular episcleritis lesions have raised ...