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Z-Library (abbreviated as z-lib, formerly BookFinder) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic texts and general-interest books. It began as a mirror of Library Genesis , but has expanded dramatically.
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Project Gutenberg ( PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks ." [ 2] It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library. [ 3] Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of books or individual stories in ...
CiteSeer X [4] is a public search engine and digital library and repository for scientific and academic papers, primarily with a focus on computer and information science. [4] However, recently CiteSeer X has been expanding into other scholarly domains such as economics, physics and others. Released in 2008, it was loosely based on the previous ...
Apache Lucene. Apache Lucene is a free and open-source search engine software library, originally written in Java by Doug Cutting. It is supported by the Apache Software Foundation and is released under the Apache Software License. Lucene is widely used as a standard foundation for production search applications. [ 2][ 3][ 4]
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Anna's Archive is a search engine for shadow libraries created by the pseudonymous Anna. [3] It was founded in direct response to law enforcement efforts to close down Z-Library in 2022. It describes itself as aiming to "catalog all the books in existence" and to "track humanity's progress toward making all these books easily available in ...