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Pitirim Sorokin defines horizontal mobility as a change in religious, regional, political, or other horizontal shifts without any change in vertical position. [ 2] According to Andrew W. Lind, horizontal mobility occurs when a person changes their profession, but their social status remains unchanged. Eg. if a doctor switches from a job in ...
Mobilities. Mobilities is a contemporary paradigm in the social sciences that explores the movement of people ( human migration, individual mobility, travel, transport ), ideas (see e.g. meme) and things (transport), as well as the broader social implications of those movements. Mobility can also be thought as the movement of people through ...
Title page of Lucubrationes, 1541 edition, one of the first books to use a variant of the word encyclopedia in the title. An encyclopedia ( American English) or encyclopaedia ( British English) [ 1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [ 2][ 3 ...
Marketing. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. A company may do this via internal expansion or through mergers and acquisitions. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market ...
According to these psychologists, horizontal and vertical décalage are the product of the development of the prefrontal cortex in children, which "contributes to age-related advances in flexible behavior". [8] Certain tests and studies have been conducted to show how horizontal and vertical décalage are related to neural functioning.
Horizontal transmission is the transmission of organisms between biotic and/or abiotic members of an ecosystem that are not in a parent-progeny relationship. Because the evolutionary fate of the agent is not tied to reproductive success of the host, horizontal transmission tends to evolve virulence. It is therefore a critical concept for ...
Vertical evacuation. In areas where horizontal evacuation to higher ground is impossible, vertical evacuation to higher areas of a structure may be a way to shelter individuals from the surge of water, several meters high, that can follow an earthquake in coastal areas. [2] [3]
The most common horizontal position representation is latitude and longitude. The parameters are intuitive and well known, and are thus suited for communicating a position to humans, e.g. using a position plot. However, latitude and longitude should be used with care in mathematical expressions (including calculations in computer programs).