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Hydrographic survey is the science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore wind farms, offshore oil exploration and drilling and related activities. Surveys may also be conducted to determine the route of subsea cables such as telecommunications cables, cables ...
Definition. The term “portolan chart” was coined in the 1890s because at the time it was assumed that these maps were related to portolani, medieval or early modern books of sailing directions. [2] Other names that have been proposed include rhumb line charts, compass charts or loxodromic charts [3] whereas modern French scholars prefer to ...
The Office of Coast Survey is responsible for preparing and maintaining over a thousand nautical charts covering the exclusive economic zone off the coast of the United States and its territories, extending 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) offshore and covering a total area of 3,400,000 square nautical miles (12,000,000 km 2; 4,500,000 sq mi ...
Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography ( sociology and history) of the coast. It includes understanding coastal weathering processes, particularly wave action ...
The following list of Australian magazines have been sorted according to circulation data that is relevant as of December 2012: [29] Rank 1. Name. Circulation. Founded. Publisher. 1. Australian Women's Weekly. 470,331.
Coastal Engineering Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering achievements and engineering practices in the fields of coastal, harbor and offshore engineering. . The journal is published by Taylor & Francis, and is intended to cover "not only fundamental studies on analytical models, numerical computation and laboratory experiments, but also results of field measurements and case ...
A nautical chart or hydrographic chart is a graphic representation of a sea region or water body and adjacent coasts or banks. Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show depths of water ( bathymetry) and heights of land ( topography ), natural features of the seabed, details of the coastline, navigational hazards, locations of natural and ...
The California Coastal Records Project, founded in 2002, [1] documents the California coastline with aerial photos taken from a helicopter flying parallel to the shore. Their webpage provides access to these images. One photo was taken every 500 feet. [2] [3] Each photo showed a few hundred yards of the coastline, with frames overlapping. [4]