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In most real-life situations, the probabilities associated with each outcome are not specified by the situation, but have to be subjectively estimated by the decision-maker. [5] The subjective value of a gamble is again a weighted average, but now it is the subjective value of each outcome that is weighted by its probability. [1]
Risk appetite is the level of risk that an organization is prepared to accept in pursuit of its objectives, [1] before action is deemed necessary to reduce the risk. It represents a balance between the potential benefits of innovation and the threats that change inevitably brings.
Example of risk assessment: A NASA model showing areas at high risk from impact for the International Space Station. Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks, [1] followed by the minimization, monitoring, and control of the impact or probability of those risks occurring. [2]
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Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events. [1] [2] The results of this process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion. Risk assessment is an inherent part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences. [1] [3]
risk averse (or risk avoiding) - if they would accept a certain payment (certainty equivalent) of less than $50 (for example, $40), rather than taking the gamble and possibly receiving nothing. risk neutral – if they are indifferent between the bet and a certain $50 payment.
Factors of risk perceptions. Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk. [1] [2] [3] Risk perceptions often differ from statistical assessments of risk since they are affected by a wide range of affective (emotions, feelings, moods, etc.), cognitive (gravity of events, media coverage, risk-mitigating measures, etc.), contextual ...
Risk compensation is a theory which suggests that people typically adjust their behavior in response to perceived levels of risk, becoming more careful where they sense greater risk and less careful if they feel more protected. [2]