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Ampicillin-sulbactam only comes in a parenteral formulation to be either used as intravenous or intramuscular injections, and can be formulated for intravenous infusion. [2] [17] It is formulated in a 2:1 ratio of ampicillin:sulbactam. The commercial preparations available include: [17] 1.5 grams (1 gram ampicillin and 0.5 gram sulbactam)
for neonatal meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae or Listeria monocytogenes, as an adjunct to ampicillin; for neonatal meningitis caused by Gram negative bacteria such as E. coli, as adjunct to a 3rd-generation cephalosporin; Mycobacterial infections, including as a second-line agent for active tuberculosis. [19]
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase , an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics . [ 1 ]
Participants received either sulbactam/durlobactam or colistin (a comparator antibiotic) for up to 14 days. [2] Both treatment arms also received an additional antibiotic, imipenem/cilastatin , as background therapy for potential hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia pathogens other than Acinetobacter ...
In molecular biology, ticarcillin is used to as an alternative to ampicillin to test the uptake of marker genes into bacteria. It prevents the appearance of satellite colonies that occur when ampicillin breaks down in the medium. It is also used in plant molecular biology to kill Agrobacterium, which is used to deliver genes to plant cells.
Currently marketed β-lactamase inhibitors are not sold as individual drugs. Instead they are co-formulated with a β-lactam antibiotic with a similar serum half-life. This is done not only for dosing convenience, but also to minimize resistance development that might occur as a result of varying exposure to one or the other drug.
The combination of ampicillin/flucloxacillin is typically given before laboratory results are known. Conditions for which it may be used include infections in the chest, ear, throat, skin and soft tissue. It can be given in septic abortion, puerperal fever and in people receiving immunosuppressive treatments, and to prevent infection after surgery.