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Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Its chemical formula is CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOH , and its C:D ratio (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is 16:0.
Tridecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 11 COOH C13:0 Myristic acid: Tetradecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 12 COOH C14:0 Pentadecylic acid: Pentadecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 13 COOH C15:0 Palmitic acid: Hexadecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 14 COOH C16:0 Margaric acid: Heptadecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 15 COOH C17:0 Stearic acid: Octadecanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 16 COOH C18:0 ...
Shorthand (line) formula for chemical structure of Palmitic acid (n ... (line) formula to show chemical structure of palmitic acid (n-hexadecanoic acid), C16H32O2 ...
The most commonly researched fatty acid biosynthetic pathways are n−3 and n−6. Lipid numbers 18:3 18:3n3 18:3, cis,cis,cis-Δ 9,Δ 12,Δ 15 18:3(9,12,15) Lipid numbers take the form C:D, [a] where C is the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid and D is the number of double bonds in the fatty acid.
Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]
Crotonic acid has 4 carbons, is included in croton oil, and is a trans-2-mono-unsaturated fatty acid.C 3 H 5 CO 2 H, IUPAC organization name (E)-but-2-enoic acid, trans-but-2-enoic acid, numerical representation 4:1, n-1, molecular weight 86.09, melting point 72–74 °C, boiling point 180–181 °C, specific gravity 1.027.
Typically, the number of carbons and the number of double bonds are also listed in short descriptions of unsaturated fatty acids. For instance, ω−3 18:4, or 18:4 ω−3, or 18:4 n−3 indicate stearidonic acid, an 18-carbon chain with 4 double bonds, and with a double bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms from the CH 3 end.
Palmitoyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA thioester. It is an "activated" form of palmitic acid and can be transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the carnitine shuttle system (which transports fatty acyl-CoA molecules into the mitochondria), and once inside can participate in beta-oxidation.